10/29/2011

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Ra Rt Radiation Parameters can be divided into two main groups - the technical (physical) and operational, although some parameters of such a division is not unique, since it does not always possible to separate the technical parameters of performance, such as, for life. Let us consider briefly the main parameters of electric light sources, designed for lighting and exposure. Technical specifications. The most important of these are indicators of the radiation, the electric mode and the design parameters. Radiation is characterized by radiation flux (luminous flux) Fe (Fu), the distribution of the radiation spectrum of Fe (X), the radiation power of e (luminous intensity Iv), energy (light) the brightness of Le (Lv) and its distribution, as well as changes in these variables over time in work with alternating current. Light color bulbs further characterized color options: chromaticity coordinates x and y, color temperature and color rendering index Ttsv - general and special Ra Rt (from 8 to 14), the color of a mercury arc lamp radiation is estimated so-called red ratio. Electric power lamp mode is characterized by Pn, the operating voltage across the lamp U, supply voltage Un, current strength I and the species current (Constant, variable frequency F, etc.). Discharge lamps introduce additional power losses in the ballasts (ballast), lamp power coefficients k and lamp ballasts - coscp, current crest factor ki, a number of stresses associated with the ignition and extinction of the discharge, currents and other start-up mode design parameters. The design parameters of lamps include overall and mounting dimensions, the height of the luminous center, the size of emitting body, the shape of the bulb, its optical properties (transparent, frosted, zerkalizovannaya, etc.) and the vehicle or foot inputs, design and dimensions of electrodes and other operational parameters. The most important of They include efficiency, reliability, suitability to...
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Really Steel Steel pipes. Really Steel tubes are about 20 years, but that's where, in what circumstances are? These pipes are operated as a public multi-storey building highways, underground, in low external thermal insulation at temperatures coolant, which is approaching a boil, and a pressure of 6 atmospheres, and water hammer, reaching up to 12-15 atmospheres. It is in such hellish conditions are not even 20 years, much longer are - in a mode in which any plastic and metal pipes 15 minutes would not have stood for! And how much steel pipes are used in conventional high-rise city building, being plastered into the stone walls or in the clear? In my relatively new home - for 25 years, and in Stalinist high-rise building built in 1940 at number 12 on Berezhkovskaya, near the Kiev railway station in Moscow, the replacement tubes occurred only in 2002. Replacement was done not because of accidents or complaints about the heating and replacement was made routine. That's just after the change and the accident and complaints of heating, but, by the way, that's another story. Moreover, the welders were told that the tube home safely to another 20 years stretched without replacement, but the plan is plan, and there is nothing to be done ... At a time when the pressure comes up to 6-7 atmospheres and the water temperature reaches 90 degrees, and ... hydroblows plastic pipes do not apply. Five years ago, among the guests for dinner (at a birthday party) was affected by this issue. Suddenly he heard the word vaguely PVC well-respected banker, jumping up from his chair and gesturing with bulging eyes depict a nightmarish story that had the misfortune of not going into details technical issues, to give the nod to the connection of additional radiators metal pipes. Depict...

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